On the Differences in the Mechanisms of Adsorption of Aromatic Heterocycles from Water–Acetonitrile Solutions on Octadecyl-Bonded Silica Gels

Abstract

Adsorption of some 1,3,4-oxadiazoles and 1,2,4,5-tetrazines from water–acetonitrile solutions on Luna C18 and Discovery C18 silica gels with grafted octadecyl groups has been studied in a wide range of compositions at temperatures of 313.15–333.15 K. The comparative analysis of the liquid-phase adsorption of the heterocycles has revealed a number of differences between the mechanisms of binding molecules of the studied compounds by the surfaces of these octadecyl-derivatives of silica gel. The log–log dependences of the retention factor on the molar fraction of acetonitrile in the solutions are strictly linear only for adsorption on Luna C18 silica gel, which is characterized by an increased hydrophobicity. For the adsorption of the studied heterocycles on Discovery C18 silica gel, the concentration dependences of the retention at low and high acetonitrile concentrations in the solution are described by quadratic functions and characterized by higher retention values as compared with those for the linear dependence because of the lower hydrophobicity of this silica gel. It has been found that the surface layer of Luna C18 modified silica gel is enriched with acetonitrile molecules to a higher extent than the surface layer of Discovery C18 silica gel. It has been shown that one adsorbed molecule of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles and 1,2,4,5-tetrazines displaces three and two molecules of pre-adsorbed acetonitrile from the surfaces of Luna C18 and Discovery C18 silica gels, respectively. Linear correlation equations have been proposed for calculating the retention of the studied heterocycles on Luna C18 and Discovery C18 silica gels from mobile phases of arbitrary compositions at different temperatures of chromatographic columns.