Abstract

In his already classic article ‘On A Priori and A Posteriori Sciences’ K. Twardowski1 distinguishes deductive sciences, i.e. those which refer to axioms, definitions and postulates in finally determining their theo rems, and non-deductive sciences, which in case of doubt refer to observational sentences, i.e., to experience.2 In Twardowski’s opinion, however, the difference between these sciences does not consist only in the ultimate foundations of the justification of theorems. It also consists in the method of justifying the theorems of these sciences. While namely the deductive sciences utilize only deduction to that effect, the non-deductive sciences make use of various methods (e.g. induction) but never of deduction.3

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