Abstract
A model of catalyst fouling is presented. It is based on a reaction network in which a hydrocarbon molecule is sequentially adsorbed onto a small group of active sites. Each intermediate species in this sequence is bonded to a different number of sites and treated as an independent fouling precursor. Thus, a series of parallel reactions are competing to foul the surface. The rate of each parallel step differs by an exponential factor equivalent to about 2 kcal/mol decrease in the fouling activation energy for each additional site involved in the rate determining step of fouling, and a simple power-model activity factor. The model provides an explanation of empirical fouling correlations and the apparent “variable reaction order” of fouling. The model is extended to include catalysts that are pretreated by a poisoning agent such as sulfur.
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