Abstract
The optical arrangement of the Czerny-Turner (CT) monochromator and the theoretical dependence of dispersion and spectral slit width on wavelength, order and groove density are discussed in detail. Because a given spectral line appears at the grating under higher angles for higher order or higher groove density, the improvement in spectral slit width is always greater than the ratio of the orders or the ratio of the groove densities. Attention is drawn to the magnification of the image of the entrance slit by the CT optics and its influence on spectral slit width and the proper choice of the exit slit width. The improvement of spectral slit width by an apodization mask is theoretically discussed and experimentally verified. An extended convolution formula which includes the magnification factor is proposed and compared with known models. Coma as a source of residual lack of fit and the conditions for coma-free imaging in the CT system are discussed. The theoretically predicted performance of Czerny-Turner monochromators is compared with results obtained with two commercially available 1-m instruments with gratings of 2400 and 3600 linesmm.
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