On the convex structure of process positive operator valued measures

Abstract

Measurements on quantum channels are described by so-called process positive operator valued measures, or process POVMs. We study implementing schemes of extremal process POVMs. As it turns out, the corresponding measurement must satisfy certain extremality property, which is stronger than the usual extremality given by the convex structure. This property motivates the introduction and investigation of the A-convex structure of POVMs, which generalizes both the usual convex and C*-convex structures. We show that extremal points and faces of the set of process POVMs are closely related to A-extremal points and A-faces of POVMs, for a certain subalgebra A. We also give a characterization of A-extremal and A-pure POVMs.