Abstract
Wind farms can contribute to ancillary services to the power system, by advancing and adopting new control techniques in existing, and also in new, wind turbine generator systems. One of the most important aspects of ancillary service related to wind farms is frequency regulation, which is partitioned into inertial response, primary control, and supplementary control or automatic generation control (AGC). The contribution of wind farms for the first two is well addressed in literature; however, the AGC and its associated controls require more attention. In this paper, in the first step, the contribution of wind farms in supplementary/load frequency control of AGC is overviewed. As second step, a fractional order proportional-integral-differential (FOPID) controller is proposed to control the governor speed of wind turbine to contribute to the AGC. The performance of FOPID controller is compared with classic proportional-integral-differential (PID) controller, to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed control method in the frequency regulation of a two-area power system. Furthermore, the effect of penetration level of wind farms on the load frequency control is analyzed.
Highlights
In the 21st century, electrical energy is needed more than ever, and the harmful effect of using fossil fuels to generate electrical energy, such as carbon dioxide emission, has become more serious.the demand on renewable energy sources to produce electricity from clean energies, such as wind, solar, hydro, biomass and geothermal, have globally increased
This paper presented a review on wind farms contribution to the automatic generation control of power systems
Fractional order PID controller was deployed for doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbines for more efficient contribution in the load frequency control of multi-area power systems
Summary
In the 21st century, electrical energy is needed more than ever, and the harmful effect of using fossil fuels to generate electrical energy, such as carbon dioxide emission, has become more serious. The demand on renewable energy sources to produce electricity from clean energies, such as wind, solar, hydro, biomass and geothermal, have globally increased. In the territory of renewable energy sources, development of wind turbine as a source to produce electrical energy from wind is going on swiftly around the world. In 2017, the installed wind energy worldwide was more than 539 GW [1]. Such a high generation needs more and more attention, in order to address the intermittency issues produced by wind turbine itself. Wind turbines are divided into two groups: Fixed speed and variable speed.
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