Abstract
The basic thermodynamic quantities are considered from the microscopic point of view; and the relations between these quantities and the relevant macroscopic entities are established. A generalized work-energy equation is derived. This equation is independent of the reference frame and is valid irrespective of the macroscopic motion of the material system. As a consequence, a new formulation of the first law of Thermodynamics is suggested. The effective application of this approach is demonstrated by several examples.
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