Abstract

Scientists strongly believe that, String theory is empowered with good mathematics and smartly fits gravity in unification program. Point to be noted is that, by considering the Planck length as characteristic amplitude associated with strings, String theory advances its ideological representation. Very unfortunate thing is that, even though, originally, String theory was proposed for understanding ‘strong interaction’, as Planck length is 20 orders of magnitude less than the nuclear size, it is badly failing in explaining and predicting nuclear scale physical phenomena. Here, we would like to stress the point that, within the scope of observed materialistic physical systems, without addressing the roots of H-Bar and big G, it is impossible to construct a workable model of final unification. In this context, in our earlier publications, we proposed the existence of three large gravitational constants for the three atomic interactions. Based on the three large atomic gravitational constants, it is possible to have three different workable atomic Planck amplitudes and thus there is a possibility for reforming and compactifying the 10 dimensional String theory to 3+1 dimensions. Proceeding further, H-bar can be shown to be a characteristic outcome of the electroweak interaction and big G can be shown to be a characteristic outcome of the three atomic gravitational constants.  Â

Highlights

  • Subject of final unification is very interesting and very challenging

  • The most complicated question to be answered is – If celestial objects are confirmed to be made up of various kinds of atoms, whether ‘gravity’ is causing the atoms to form into celestial spheres or quantum rules are causing the atoms to form into celestial spheres that show gravity? Astrophysics point of view or ‘Planck scale’ point of view, there is a possibility of observing the combined effects of General theory of relativity (GTR) and quantum mechanics (QM) at intermediate energy scales

  • We would like to emphasize the point that, astrophysical observations pertaining to Black holes and various other compact stellar objects just reveal the combined effects of GTR and QM but no way indicating the secrets of unification of QM and GTR

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Summary

Introduction

Subject of final unification is very interesting and very challenging. Unifying gravity and quantum mechanics (QM) is very much complicated and scientists are trying their level best in different ways. In between GTR and QM, there exist fascinating and most complicated astrophysical objects, i.e. Black holes Even though their detection is a great mystery, one can see the best possibility of understanding QM and GTR at extreme energy scales. We would like to emphasize the point that, astrophysical observations pertaining to Black holes and various other compact stellar objects just reveal the combined effects of GTR and QM but no way indicating the secrets of unification of QM and GTR. Many scientists believe that, String theory (Spenta Wadia 2008, Sunil Mukhi 2011) is one best candidate of quantum gravity. It is embedded with beautiful physical concepts like open strings, closed strings, string vibrations, string length, string tension and ‘fermion-boson super symmetry’. We would like to say that, without addressing the roots of H-Bar and big G, it is impossible to construct a workable model of final unification

Extra dimensions and inadequacy of string theory
Three large gravitational coupling constants
Inferences and consequences of above four assumptions
Applications ofassumption-1
To validate assumption-3
Understanding proton’s root mean square radius
10. Understanding super symmetry in strong interaction
11. Conclusion
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