Abstract
This paper is focused on the Middle Paleolithic rock shelter called “Abrigo de San Lázaro”, placed in the Eresma River valley (Segovia, Spain). In this area, a multisource geomatic approach is used. On the one hand, the external envelope of the shelter has been digitalized by the means of an efficient combination between aerial photogrammetry and laser scanning (static and mobile). On the other hand, the ground penetrating radar and the electric tomography were used with the aim of evaluating the inner disposition of the shelter. The combination of both digitalization (external and internal) has allowed for improving the knowledge of the site characteristics that, in turn, will facilitate the future excavation works. The results of these studies allow archaeologists to know new data for a better understanding of the site formation (geology of the site, sedimentary potential, rock shelter dimensions, etc.) and the events that took place in it (knowing its historical evolution, especially the interaction between man and the environment). Additionally, the information obtained from these studies is very useful to plan future excavation works on the site.
Highlights
The integration of remote sensing and geophysical methodologies in archaeology has allowed advancements in the characterization of the external and internal parts of complex settlements
Digitalization at a Global Scale Cartography based on photogrammetric techniques was generated, using as vertical aerial pRhemoottoe gSernasp. 2h0y1.9, 1O1,nxcFeORthPeEEiRmRaEgVeIsEWwere taken, they were processed with GRAPHOS open-s1o3uorfc2e4 pehleovtaotgioranmmmoedterilc(rDeEcoMn)starnudctitohne soorftthwoaprheo[t6o4g,6ra5p],hoybt(aaivneirnaggtehGe SpDoinotf c3l.o7ucdm,thaeve3rDagmeosdcaelli,nthgeedrriogritaolf e3l.e1vcamti,oanvmeroadgeelp(hDoEtMog)raanmdmtehteriocrethrrooprhooft1o.g7rcamph, yav(earvaegreagpereGcSisDioonfo3f.73.c4mcm, a)v(eFriaggueresc7a)l.ing error of 3.1 cm, average photogrammetric error of 1.7 cm, average precision of 3.4 cm) (Figure 7)
The combination of geophysical and remote sensing techniques has been proven to be an excellent approach for the archaeological documentation as shown in the whole manuscript and discussion section
Summary
The integration of remote sensing and geophysical methodologies in archaeology has allowed advancements in the characterization of the external and internal parts of complex settlements. The integrations of these methodologies could provide two main benefits: (i) optimization of the fieldworks (archaeological excavations and surveys), (ii) improvement of the accuracy analysis and (iii) documentation methods. The use of remote sensing techniques was introduced in the last decades in archaeology with the aim of improving the documentation processes [1,2]. The main remote sensing techniques applied in archaeology are image-based methods (photogrammetry or image based modelling) [3,4,5] and range-based methods (laser scanner) [6,7,8] (Table 1)
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