On the Cae Gwyn Cave, North Wales

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Summary The recent researches at Cae Gwyn have proved most conclusively that there was no foundation for the views of those who contended that the drift which crossed over the entrance and extended into the cavern was remanié , and had gradually crept down the hill. They have shown beyond the possibility of doubt that the deposits which overlie the bone-earth are in situ , and are identical with the typical glacial deposits of the area. It was found also that these deposits had at one time extended continuously across the valley above this elevation (400 feet above ordnance datum), and that the caverns had consequently been completely buried beneath them. The explorations carried on in 1885, 1886, and 1887, in the Cae Gwyn and Ffynnon Beuno caverns, show that they must have been occupied by the animals before any of the Glacial deposits now found there had accumulated, also that a thick floor of stalagmite had formed over these remains before the caverns were subjected to water-action. This action broke up the floor and completely re-sorted the materials, evidently washing out some, but also adding sandy and gravelly material to the deposits. Very large blocks of limestone, which were found at many points in the caverns, had evidently been disturbed by the same force, and had in many cases protected the original contents; they were, however, invariably found in the lowest deposits, and were covered over by laminated clay, sands, and gravels. It is certain that the caverns had been completely filled