Abstract
The evolution of disturbances in three-dimensional boundary layers, starting from their generation by surface roughness, and continuing into the amplitude-saturated states in the strongly nonlinear regime is investigated. The birth of disturbances due to isolated surface roughness is modeled by a new technique that incorporates streamwise changes of the base flow. The subsequent linear and nonlinear evolution is modeled by the parabolized stability equations (PSE). The growth of non-phase-locked upstream and downstream traveling modes is documented.
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