On the Adsorption and Reduction of the Herbicide Picloram on Mercury and Carbon Electrodes

Abstract

AbstractAt concentrations higher than 2⋅10−4 M, and below pH 3, the cyclic voltammograms of picloram (=4‐amino‐3,5,6‐trichloropyridine‐2‐carboxylic acid) on Hg electrodes show two prepeak systems (named I and II attending to the proximity to the main reductions peak), which can be attributed to the weak adsorption of reactant and the strong adsorption of the product at the electrode surface. The system II is due to the uncharged form of picloram, and system I to the picloram protonated at the pyridine N‐atom. Small amounts of the surfactant Triton X‐100 (=α‐[4‐(1,1,3,3‐tetramethylbutyl)phenyl]‐ω‐hydroxypoly(oxyethane‐1,2‐diyl)) cause the disappearance of system I, the shift of system II, and also affect the intensities and widths of anodic and cathodic peaks but not the charge passed in each peak. Thus, the adsorption process responsible for the appearance of system I is inhibited by the presence of Triton; by contrast, the process corresponding to system II is only modified by the surfactant, becoming an electrochemical process occurring at the potentials corresponding to system II, which is more reversible than that observed in the absence of Triton. The addition of Triton permitted the analysis of the main reduction process. Convolution voltammetry of the main reduction peak is consistent with the loss of a Cl‐atom in equilibrium which occurs after a reversible electron transfer and is followed by the reductions of both species present in the equilibrium (Scheme 2). This is also the reduction mechanism on a glassy carbon electrode but the electron transfer on the carbon electrode increases with respect to the mercury electrodes; in addition, the loss of the Cl‐atom does not take place on the electrode surface. From the recording of differential capacity–potential curves, it was concluded that picloram is adsorbed on the carbon electrode; but this adsorption is too weak to induce the appearance of prepeak systems.