On the abundance of epiphytic green algae in relation to the nitrogen concentrations of biomonitors and nitrogen deposition in Finland

Abstract

Green algae have become considerably more abundant in the years 1985–1995 in Finland and their distribution area has expanded northwards. Green algae on conifers were most abundant in southern Finland where the nitrogen deposition is highest. Correlations were observed between the abundance of green algae and a modelled nitrogen and sulphur deposition as well as the nitrogen concentration of the biomonitors. The increased abundance of green algae in Finland may be caused by several concurrent changes which have taken place in the environment and which have all promoted the occurrence of green algae. A slight rise in mean annual temperature, the long-term stability of nitrogen deposition, and the clear fall in the amount of sulphur deposition have probably all increased the growth and abundance of green algae. At a local level, the differences in microclimate have also effect on the abundance of green algae and the microclimate varies, inter alia, by the nutrient-richness of the habitat, the predominant tree species, stand age and stand density.