Abstract
This work revises existing solutions for a problem of target localization in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), utilizing integrated measurements, namely received signal strength (RSS) and angle of arrival (AoA). The problem of RSS/AoA-based target localization became very popular in the research community recently, owing to its great applicability potential and relatively low implementation cost. Therefore, here, a comprehensive study of the state-of-the-art (SoA) solutions and their detailed analysis is presented. The beginning of this work starts by considering the SoA approaches based on convex relaxation techniques (more computationally complex in general), and it goes through other (less computationally complex) approaches, as well, such as the ones based on the generalized trust region sub-problems framework and linear least squares. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the computational complexity of each solution is reviewed. Furthermore, an extensive set of simulation results is presented. Finally, the main conclusions are summarized, and a set of future aspects and trends that might be interesting for future research in this area is identified.
Highlights
Perfect knowledge of the path loss exponent (PLE) is virtually impossible to obtain in practice
In order to introduce a somewhat more realistic measurement model mismatch, and at the same time test the robustness of the considered algorithms to imperfect knowledge of the PLE, the true value of the PLE
The findings presented in [75,76,77] are in concordance with the ones shown here, i.e., the hybrid systems show superior performance in comparison with the classical ones
Summary
The wireless sensor network (WSN) is a wireless communication network consisting of sensor nodes, usually distributed over an area of interest with the goal of measuring a certain quantity (e.g., temperature, pressure, wind, etc.) [1]. Since any device in the network can provide a faster and better response to the changes in its surroundings, these applications could improve efficiency and safety in our daily lives [22] Another area with rapidly growing interest where accurate location of people and/or objects might play a very important role is ambient assisted living (AAL) [23] or smart indoor positioning for situation awareness in emergency situations [24]. ToA, TDoA or AoA information in general, localization systems based on RSS observations need no specialized hardware, their computational and communication burden is significantly lighter (and they are very energy efficient) These systems represent an attractive low-cost solution for the localization problem [1,26]. RTT systems do not have the problem of clock synchronization between sensors, their major setback is that they require double signal transmission to acquire just a single measurement [37]
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