On symplectic transformations of linear Hamiltonian differential systems without normality

Abstract

In this paper we investigate oscillations of conjoined bases of linear Hamiltonian differential systems related via symplectic transformations. Both systems are considered without controllability (or normality) assumptions and under the Legendre condition for their Hamiltonians. The main result of the paper presents new explicit relations connecting the multiplicities of proper focal points of Y ( t ) and the transformed conjoined basis Y ̃ ( t ) = R − 1 ( t ) Y ( t ) , where the symplectic transformation matrix R ( t ) obeys some additional assumptions on the rank of its components. As consequences of the main result we formulate the generalized reciprocity principle for the Hamiltonian systems without normality. The main tool of the paper is the comparative index theory for discrete symplectic systems generalized to the continuous case.