Abstract
The on-surface synthesis of carbon nanostructures has attracted tremendous attention owing to their unique properties and numerous applications in various fields. With the extensive development of scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and noncontact atomic force microscope (nc-AFM), the on-surface fabricated nanostructures so far can be characterized on atomic and even single-bond level. Therefore, various novel low-dimensional carbon nanostructures, challenging to traditional solution chemistry, have been widely studied on surfaces, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, graphene nanoribbons, nanoporous graphene, and graphyne/graphdiyne-like nanostructures. In particular, nanostructures containing sp-hybridized carbons are of great advantage for their structural linearity and small steric demands as well as intriguing electronic and mechanical properties. Herein, the recent developments of low-dimensional sp-carbon nanostructures fabricated on surfaces will be summarized and discussed.
Highlights
Over the centuries, carbon allotropes have been playing a significant role in material science and engineering due to their outstanding electric, magnetic, optical, and mechanical properties
Owning to the development of scanning tunneling microscope (STM) [8,9] and ncAFM [10], a wide variety of low-dimensional carbon nanostructures have been synthesized and characterized at the atomic scale on surfaces, such as linear polymers comprising of hydrocarbons [11,12], graphene nanoribbons [13,14,15,16,17,18], porous graphene [19], and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [20,21]
Sun et al have fabricated the metalated carbyne by on-surface synthesis strategy and characterized by the interplay of the high-resolution STM, noncontact atomic force microscope (nc-AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) assisted by density functional theory (DFT) calculations [55]
Summary
Carbon allotropes have been playing a significant role in material science and engineering due to their outstanding electric, magnetic, optical, and mechanical properties. Various novel carbon structures containing sp-carbon have been fabricated recently via on-surface synthesis strategy, challenging to traditional methods in solution [34], which can be used to obtain a plethora of pre-designed nanostructures. We will summarize recent works regarding the on-surface synthesis of low-dimensional sp-hybridized carbon nanostructures, including cyclo[n]carbons, metallic carbynes, and graphdiyne-like structures.
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