On-surface formation of metal–organic coordination networks with C⋯Ag⋯C and C=O⋯Ag interactions assisted by precursor self-assembly

Abstract

Surface-bound reactions are commonly employed to develop nanoarchitectures through bottom-up assembly. Precursor molecules are carefully designed, and surfaces are chosen with the intention to fabricate low-dimensional extended networks, which can include one-dimensional and two-dimensional structures. The inclusion of functional groups can offer the opportunity to utilize unique chemistry to further tune the bottom-up method or form novel nanostructures. Specifically, carbonyl groups open up new avenues for on-surface coordination chemistry. Here, the self-assembly and formation of an organometallic species via the thermally induced reaction of 3,6-dibromo-9,10-phenanthrenequinone (DBPQ) molecules were studied on Ag(100) and Ag(110). Low-temperature ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy revealed the room temperature formation of self-assemblies defined by hydrogen and halogen bonds on Ag(100). Following a thermal anneal to 300 °C, DBPQ on Ag(100) was found to form metal-organic coordination networks composed of a combination of organometallic species characteristics of Ullmann-like coupling reactions and carbonyl complexes. On Ag(110), the C-Br bonds were found to readily dissociate at room temperature, resulting in the formation of disordered organometallic species.