Abstract
In this paper, a solar-powered bidirectional communication system is studied for a pair of energy harvesting (EH) nodes that intend to communicate with each other over wireless fading channels. The conventional time-division duplex (TDD) transmission is revisited by proposing a stochastic resource scheduling scheme to minimize an average rate outage probability based on a Markov decision process (MDP) design framework. Different from the conventional TDD transmission, the proposed scheme can adjust the link direction and energy expenditure for data transmissions between the two EH nodes, in response to the dynamics of the solar EH, channel fading and battery storage conditions. A downstairs threshold structure is theoretically proved under a special optimal on-off policy, in which two-dimensional thresholds pinpoint the interplay between the transmission actions and the available energy in the batteries of the two nodes. Also the optimal on-off policy at asymptotically high signal-to-noise power ratios (SNRs) is revealed. The outage performance of the proposed stochastic resource scheduling scheme is validated by extensive computer simulations, and it shows that the proposed optimal MDP policy can achieve significant performance gains over the combinations of other compared schemes, including round-robin and battery state-oriented link scheduling schemes, and greedy and conservative energy scheduling schemes.
Highlights
With the development of green technologies, green wireless communications have been widely advocated to protect global environments by reducing carbon emission, improving energy efficiency and enabling self-sustainability
The Energy harvesting (EH) wireless nodes are capable of fulfilling data transmissions by scavenging energy from the surrounding environments, e.g., solar, wind, motion vibration, and radio frequency (RF) sources [1]
Motivated by the aforementioned discussions, in this paper, we focus on solar-powered bidirectional point-to-point communication systems, where both the transmitter and the receiver are EH nodes
Summary
With the development of green technologies, green wireless communications have been widely advocated to protect global environments by reducing carbon emission, improving energy efficiency and enabling self-sustainability. The main purpose of this paper is to design a new TDD protocol for the link and energy scheduling of the two solar-powered EH nodes, based on a Markov decision process (MDP) design framework and a real stochastic EH model. Since the channel and EH conditions are both random in the proposed communication system and our goal is to minimize the long-term rate outage performance over the stochastic channel, battery and solar states, these motivate us to formulate the design problem as an MDP and find the optimal policy via dynamic programming. We attempt to find the optimal link and energy scheduling, which is capable of accommodating to the solar, battery and channel variations, for data transmissions by minimizing the rate outage probability of the solar-powered bidirectional communications.
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