Abstract
Abstract Based on the variational principles, this paper presents a rigorous finite element procedure to study the static and dynamic characteristics of helical springs. To characterize the effects of curvature, torsion (or pitch angle), shear force and rotary inertia, the so‐called “space‐curved” beam element is devised. Results show that the “space‐curved” beam finite element model accurately reveals the significant influence of curvature, torsion (or pitch angle) and shear force effects on the computation of tension and torsion constants. Furthermore, the present model can be used to predict tension, torsion and mixed‐mode natural vibrations can compensate for the lack of experimental and classical approaches. Good correlation between the directly computed “space‐curved” beam finite element solutions and experimental results has also been established for the spring subjected to impact loadings. Lastly, a large‐deflection dynamic analysis is employed to study the effect of geometric nonlinearity.
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