On some anabelian properties of arithmetic curves

Abstract

In this paper we generalize an argument of Neukirch from birational anabelian geometry to the case of arithmetic curves. In contrast to the function field case, it seems to be more complicated to describe the position of decomposition groups of points at the boundary of the scheme \({{\rm Spec}\, \mathcal{O}_{K, S}}\), where K is a number field and S a set of primes of K, intrinsically in terms of the fundamental group. We prove that it is equivalent to give the following pieces of information additionally to the fundamental group \({\pi_1({\rm Spec}\, \mathcal{O}_{K, S})}\) : the location of decomposition groups of boundary points inside it, the p-part of the cyclotomic character, the number of points on the boundary of all finite étale covers, etc. Under a certain finiteness hypothesis on Tate–Shafarevich groups with divisible coefficients, one can reconstruct all these quantities simply from the fundamental group.