Abstract
One of the fundamental questions in the design of clinical trials is how to optimally allocate treatments to study subjects to achieve selected experimental objectives. In this article we review major recent methodological advances in optimal allocation for clinical trials. A literature review shows that starting from the 2000s many new allocation methods have been proposed to enhance the design of multiobjective and multiarm clinical trials. These allocation designs can provide improvements over traditional balanced allocation designs both in terms of statistical efficiency and ethical criteria. We also discuss state-of-the art response-adaptive randomization procedures for implementing optimal allocation designs in practice.
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