On quantitative unique continuation properties of fractional Schrödinger equations: Doubling, vanishing order and nodal domain estimates

Abstract

In this article we determine bounds on the maximal order of vanishing for eigenfunctions of a generalized Dirichlet-to-Neumann map (which is associated with fractional Schr\"odinger equations) on a compact, smooth Riemannian manifold, $(M,g)$, without boundary. Moreover, with only slight modifications these results generalize to equations with $C^1$ potentials. Here Carleman estimates are a key tool. These yield a quantitative three balls inequality which implies quantitative bulk and boundary doubling estimates and hence leads to the control of the maximal order of vanishing. Using the boundary doubling property, we prove upper bounds on the $\mathcal{H}^{n-1}$-measure of nodal domains of eigenfunctions of the generalized Dirichlet-to-Neumann map on analytic manifolds.