Abstract
The rapid proliferation of low-power wireless devices enables the industrial users to improve the productivity and safety of the plants as well as efficient management of the system. This can be achieved through significant increase in data collection, remote monitoring, and control of the plants and promoting the development of industrial Internet of Things (IoT) applications. However, the industrial environment is typically harsh causing high link quality variations and topology changes. The wireless devices used in this environment are also resource constrained in terms of energy, memory, and processing power. In spite of their low-power and lossy nature, these networks demand provisioning of differentiated services for various industrial applications having diverse quality of service (QoS) requirements. Considering the unique characteristics of low-power and lossy networks (LLN), routing for low-power and lossy networks (RPL) is devised which was standardized by IETF in 2012. To meet the demand of diverse traffic, RPL supports multiple instances in a single network. This paper proposes MI-RPL, a multi-instance solution of RPL for industrial low-power and lossy networks (LLNs). MI-RPL defines four instances for four distinct traffic classes of industrial monitoring applications in terms of delay and reliability. MI-RPL also introduces composite routing metrics and proposes an objective function (OF) to compute the most suitable path for each instance. The performance of MI-RPL is investigated through simulations that exhibit MI-RPL has better delay and packet delivery performance for delay- and reliability-constrained traffic along with lower energy consumption compared to the standard RPL.
Highlights
routing for low-power and lossy networks (RPL) BackgroundE DODAG construction is initiated by the LLN border router (LBR) through exchanging DODAG Information Object (DIO) messages to its neighbors
Introduction e recent boom inMicroelectromechanical systems (MEMS) [1] and ad hoc wireless networking has paved the way for enormous opportunities of industrial IoT applications [2].ese applications necessitate a self-con guring, self-organizing, self-maintaining, and robust wireless networking solutions to meet the stringent application demands
(v) e performance of MI-routing for low-power and lossy networks (RPL) is investigated through simulations, and the results show that MI-RPL attains lower end-to-end packet latency and higher packet delivery ratio while having lower energy consumption of the resource-constrained sensor nodes compared to the current RPL implementation
Summary
E DODAG construction is initiated by the LBR through exchanging DIO messages to its neighbors. A DIO message mainly includes routing metrics and constraints, configuration parameters needed to adopt by RPL nodes, DODAG-ID, and the rank of a node. Upon receiving the DIO message, each RPL node learns about its neighbors and their associated rank values. After joining a DODAG, a node has a single routing entry toward its parent or may have multiple parents depending on OF to achieve higher reliability through multipath data delivery. One or more DODAG can be constructed with the same objective function of a single RPL instance. When a RPL node joins more than one RPL instances, it maintains multiple routing entries associated with each objective function. Node 3, for instance, joins instance 1 with DODAGID-2 and cannot join the same instance with DODAGID-1
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