Abstract
The anaspidean gastropod Petalifera petahfera (Rang, 1828) is a common species in Mediterranean waters, where it was originally described from Nice, although it has a wider geographical range, living in both East and West Atlantic warm waters. A detailed anatomical description of this species is given, using the scanning electron microscope to study the radula, jaws and palatal rods as well as the inner structure of the penial sheath. Examination of the type material of the Red Sea species Aplystelta gravien Vayssiere, 1906 indicates that it is a synonym of Petalifera petalifera (Rang, 1828). Thus the geographical range of the latter is extended to the Gulf of Aden, in the Red Sea.
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