Abstract
Analog network coding (ANC) as a simple implementation of physical layer network coding based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been proposed to increase the network capacity and reliability of bi-directional link between a pair of users. In ANC protocol, an information between a pair of users is exchanged through two orthogonal time phases (i.e., multiple-access and broadcast phases). On the other hand, the phase noise (PN) introduces phase offset and inter carrier interference (ICI) to the useful signal. Thus, in ANC scheme PN will affect the useful signal during both multiple-access and broadcast phases. In this article, we present a performance analysis of ANC scheme using OFDM in the presence of PN in frequency-selective fading channel. We derive the total composite variance of ANC scheme in the presence of PN to obtain the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) expression. Then, we evaluate the system’s performance in terms of bit error rate (BER), SINR degradation, and ergodic capacity through both numerical and computer simulations. Computer simulated average BER has been consistent with the numerical results, validating the presented analysis. Our results have shown that the ANC scheme is more sensitive to the PN introduced during the broadcast phase (i.e., at destination) than during the multiple-access phase (i.e., at relay). This is because of the higher ICI to the useful signal and enhanced noise due to the imperfect self-information removal at the destination. In addition, the performance degradation of ANC scheme based on OFDM in the presence of PN is highly expressed for the PN linewidth values up to 20 Hz.
Highlights
The wireless traffic demands driven by the users requirements continuously grow, available radio resources remain fixed
We theoretically analyze the impact of phase noise (PN) on the performance of Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based analog network coding (ANC) scheme in frequency-selective fading channel
We plot the bit error rate (BER) performance of ANC in the absence of PN for the comparison. It can be seen from the figure that the BER performance is more sensitive to PN at the destination, since the higher BER degradation is evident in comparison to the PN just at the relay. This is because the PN at the destination introduces higher inter carrier interference (ICI) to the useful signal, and the worse performance is obtained
Summary
The wireless traffic demands driven by the users requirements continuously grow, available radio resources remain fixed. In ANC communication protocol, the transmission is done over two orthogonal phases in a time division multiplexing (TDM) fashion This way, the PN is introduced at the reception in each transmission phase (i.e., multipleaccess and broadcast phases), and may cause CPE and ICI to the useful signal at the receiver end (i.e., relay and destination). The received signal represented in the time-domain at the relay during the multiple-access phase is given by rr(t) = Psejφr(t) [ sj(t) ⊗ h0,j(t)] +nr(t). Nc − 1, where ⊗, nr(t), and h0,j(t), respectively, denote the circular convolution operation, the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) at the relay with power spectral density N0, and the channel impulse response between the jth user and the relay during multiple-access phase. K=0, k=n j=0 where αr(n) denotes the nth component of the PN at the relay defined with (2)
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