Abstract
To save energy from cellular networks or to increase user-perceived performance, studying base station (BS) switching on–off is actively ongoing. However, many studies focus on the tradeoff between energy efficiency and user-perceived performance. In this paper, we propose a simple technique called cell flashing. Cell flashing means that base stations are turned on and off periodically and rapidly so that, when one base station is turned on, the adjacent base stations which make interferences are always off. Thus, both energy efficiency and cell edge user performances can be improved. In general, switching off base stations to save energy can lead to longer file download time (or delay) to customers. Using flow-level dynamics, we analyze average delay and energy consumption of cellular networks when cell flashing is used. We show that both of total energy consumption and average flow-level delay decrease in the case of small cells. Extensive simulations confirm that cell flashing can significantly save the energy of the base stations, e.g., by up to 25% and, at the same time, reduce the average delay by up to 75%.
Highlights
The main objectives for generation communications, they may be different for various organizations, are high data rate, low latency and low energy consumption [1]
We verify cell flashing by extensive simulations
We investigated a technique that turns the base station (BS) on and off periodically and rapidly, which is called cell flashing
Summary
The main objectives for generation communications, they may be different for various organizations, are high data rate, low latency and low energy consumption [1]. The authors in [5,6] proposed inter-cell interference (ICI) management by exploiting adaptive fractional time reuse (FTR) instead of fractional frequency reuse (FFR) These works focused on improving edge user performance and neglected considering energy efficiency. Energies 2016, 9, 768 proposed energy conservation and interference management in a multi-cell time division multiple access (TDMA) network These works consider only the static system where the number of users are fixed, and cannot capture real systems where the number of users (or flows, equivalently) changes over time. Cell flashing has three advantages: higher energy efficiency, improved cell edge user performances, and lower average delay in small cells These benefits are promising because cell densification is essential to achieve higher network-level capacity [2] and lower energy consumption [26].
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