Abstract

Solving the nonlinear Dirac equation in the nonrelativistic limit regime numerically is difficult, because the solution oscillates in time with frequency of {mathscr {O}} ! left( varepsilon ^{-2}right) , where 0<varepsilon ll 1 is inversely proportional to the speed of light. Yongyong Cai and Yan Wang have shown, however, that such solutions can be approximated up to an error of {mathscr {O}} ! left( varepsilon ^2right) by solving the semi-nonrelativistic limit system, which is a non-oscillatory problem. For this system, we construct a two-step method, called the explicit exponential midpoint rule, and prove second-order convergence of the semi-discretization in time. Furthermore, we construct a benchmark method based on standard techniques and compare the efficiency of both methods. Numerical experiments show that the new integrator reduces the computational costs per time step to 40% and within a given runtime improves the accuracy significantly.

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