Abstract
In order to efficiently deal with location dependent messages in multi-sink wireless sensor networks (WSNs), it is key that the network informs sinks what geographical area is covered by which sink. The sinks are then able to efficiently route messages which are only valid in particular regions of the deployment. In our previous work (see the 5th and 6th cited documents), we proposed a combined coverage area reporting and geographical routing protocol for location dependent messages, for example, queries that are injected by sinks. In this paper, we study the case where we have static sinks and mobile sensor nodes in the network. To provide up-to-date coverage areas to sinks, we focus on handling node mobility in the network. We discuss what is a better method for updating the routing structure (i.e., routing trees and coverage areas) to handle mobility efficiently: periodic global updates initiated from sinks or local updates triggered by mobile sensors. Simulation results show that local updating perform very well in terms of query delivery ratio. Local updating has a better scalability to increasing network size. It is also more energy efficient than our previously proposed approach, where global updating in networks have medium mobility rate and speed.
Highlights
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are a specific class of ad hoc networks composed of many tiny devices called sensor nodes spread throughout a given area and capable of collecting information about the surrounding environment, of processing this information, and of circulating it through the network via a wireless communication channel
The proposed mobility handling method for our geographical routing protocol is evaluated in terms of routing accuracy i.e., how well the proposed mechanism delivers messages to the region of interest defined in a query and in terms of communication overhead
We presented a protocol for routing of queries in a region of interest
Summary
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are a specific class of ad hoc networks composed of many tiny devices called sensor nodes spread throughout a given area and capable of collecting information about the surrounding environment, of processing this information, and of circulating it through the network via a wireless communication channel. Sensor nodes attached to buses collaborating with a sensor network distributed across the city would be an efficient tool to monitor pollution and presence of contaminants, both during normal city life and in case of emergency (e.g., for the detection of nuclear, chemical threats). In these large scale applications, deployment of multiple sinks is required for efficient data gathering from WSNs
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