Abstract
BackgroundChromium (VI) has toxic and carcinogenic effects. So, determination and speciation of chromium in environmental samples is very important in view of health hazards. In this study, solid phase extraction (SPE) based on bulky amine-functionalized bimodal mesoporous silica nanoparticles (NH2-UVM-7) as a novel nanoadsorbent was applied for preconcentration and speciation of chromium (III, VI) in water samples.MethodsUVM-7 was synthesized via atrane route and subsequently functionalized with amino silane via grafting method. In SPE procedure, polymer tubing as a micro-column was filled with NH2-UVM-7 adsorbent. Preconcentration and speciation of Cr (III) and Cr (VI) ions with NH2-UVM-7 were obtained in water samples due to the fact that only Cr (VI) ions can be complexed with-NH2 groups at optimized pH. Finally, chromium concentration was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (F-AAS).ResultsTEM, XRD, and SEM results confirmed the beneficial properties of NH2-UVM-7 as the adsorbent for chromium extraction. Under the optimal conditions, linear calibration curve, detection limit and preconcentration factor were obtained 6–320 μg/ L, 1.2 μg/L and 66.7, respectively (RSD < 5 %). The efficiency of nanoadsorbent for preconcentration and extraction of Cr (VI) was 96 %, whereas it was less than 5 % for Cr (III).ConclusionsThe developed NH2-UVM7-based SPE/F-AAS method has enough sensitively and simplicity for speciation and determination of Cr (VI) and Cr (III) ions in real water samples. Good recoveries, with low detection limits and good preconcentration factors are the main advantages of this procedure.
Highlights
Chromium (VI) has toxic and carcinogenic effects
There are three resolved diffraction peaks in X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of NH2-UVM-7 and UVM-7, which can be indexed as the (100), (110), (200) and (210) reflections associated with hexagonal symmetry (d110 and d200 were overlapped with each other)
The recovery extraction for Conclusions The simple, fast, reliable, and economical technique for speciation and determination of trace amount of Cr (VI) and Cr (III) ions in real water samples was developed by combining the solid phase extraction (SPE) technique based on NH2-UVM-7 adsorbent with flame atomic absorption spectrometry (F-AAS) detection method
Summary
Chromium (VI) has toxic and carcinogenic effects. Determination and speciation of chromium in environmental samples is very important in view of health hazards. Solid phase extraction (SPE) based on bulky amine-functionalized bimodal mesoporous silica nanoparticles (NH2-UVM-7) as a novel nanoadsorbent was applied for preconcentration and speciation of chromium (III, VI) in water samples. Heavy metals in industrial and municipal effluent water (IMEW) are important sources of water contamination. The hexavalent chromium has a serious environmental pollution and threatens human health [8]. Chromium species exist mainly in two different oxidation states in Shirkhanloo et al Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering (2015) 13:47 the environment, Cr (III) and Cr (VI), which have contrasting physiological effects. The accurate determination of chromium ions has become increasingly necessary to study problems associated with environmental water pollution
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