On Legendre polynomial approximation with the VIM or HAM for numerical treatment of nonlinear fractional differential equations

Most physical phenomena are formulated in the form of non-linear fractional partial differential equations to better understand the complexity of these phenomena. This article introduces a recent attractive analytic-numeric approach to investigate the approximate solutions for nonlinear time fractional partial differential equations by means of coupling the Laplace transform operator and the fractional Taylor’s formula. The validity and the applicability of the used method are illustrated via solving nonlinear time-fractional Kolmogorov and Rosenau–Hyman models with appropriate initial data. The approximate series solutions for both models are produced in a rapid convergence McLaurin series based upon the limit of the concept with fewer computations and more accuracy. Graphs in two and three dimensions are drawn to detect the effect of time-Caputo fractional derivatives on the behavior of the obtained results to the aforementioned models. Comparative results point out a more accurate approximation of the proposed method compared with existing methods such as the variational iteration method and the homotopy perturbation method. The obtained outcomes revealed that the proposed approach is a simple, applicable, and convenient scheme for solving and understanding a variety of non-linear physical models.

This paper presents approximate analytical solutions for systems of fractional differential equations using the homotopy perturbation method. The fractional derivatives are described in the Caputo sense. The application of homotopy perturbation method, developed for differential equations of integer order, is extended to derive approximate analytical solutions of systems of fractional differential equations. The solutions of our model equations are calculated in the form of convergent series through easily computable components. Using symbolic computation, some examples are solved as illustrations. The numerical results show that the approach is accurate and easy to implement, when applied to systems of fractional differential equations. The method introduces a promising tool for solving many linear and nonlinear fractional differential equations.

<p>The time-fractional partial differential equations were solved by the fractional natural transform decomposition method. Fractional derivatives are Caputo sense. The Fornberg-Whitham equation is a generalization of the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation, which describes the propagation of long waves in shallow water. It includes higher-order dispersion terms, making it applicable to a wider range of dispersive media the fractional natural transform decomposition method (FNTDM) was also used to examine applications, and the solutions obtained by this method have been compared to those obtained by the variational iteration method, fractional variational iteration method, and homotopy perturbation method. In addition, the MAPLE package drew graphs of the solutions of nonlinear time-fractional partial differential equations, taking into account physics. The method described in this study exhibited a notable degree of computational precision and straightforwardness when used to the analysis and resolution of intricate phenomena pertaining to fractional nonlinear partial differential equations within the domains of science and technology.</p>

Series solution is obtained on solving non-linear fractional partial differential equation using homotopy perturbation transformation method. First of all, we apply homotopy perturbation transformation method to obtain the series solution of non-linear fractional partial differential equation. In this case, the fractional derivative is described in Caputo sense. Then, we present the facts obtained by analyzing the convergence of this series solution. Finally, the established fact is supported by an example.Series solution is obtained on solving non-linear fractional partial differential equation using homotopy perturbation transformation method. First of all, we apply homotopy perturbation transformation method to obtain the series solution of non-linear fractional partial differential equation. In this case, the fractional derivative is described in Caputo sense. Then, we present the facts obtained by analyzing the convergence of this series solution. Finally, the established fact is supported by an example.

Coupling technique of variational iteration and homotopy perturbation methods for nonlinear matrix differential equations

In this paper, homotopy perturbation method (HPM) and variational iteration method (VIM) are used to solve the large amplitude torsional oscillations equations in a nonlinearly suspension bridge. This paper compares the HPM and VIM in order to solve the equations of nonlinearly suspension bridge. A comparative study between the HPM and VIM is presented in this work. The achieved results reveal that the HPM and VIM are very effective, convenient and quite accurate to nonlinear partial differential equations. These methods can be easily extended to other strongly nonlinear oscillations and can be found widely applicable in engineering and science. The Laplace transform method is applied to obtaining the Lagrange multiplier in the VIM solution.

ABSTRACTSemianalytical approaches such as the Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM) and Variational Iteration Method (VIM), as well as the Numerical Method, are investigated in this study to solve the boundary‐layer natural convection problem for various Prandlt number fluids on a horizontal flat plate. Nonlinear partial differential expressions can be incorporated into the ordinary differential framework by applying appropriate transformations. The purpose of this study is to show how analytical solutions to heat transfer problems are more versatile and broadly applicable. The results of the analytical solutions are compared with numerical solutions, revealing a high level of approximation accuracy. The numerical findings clearly imply that the analytical techniques can produce accurate numerical solutions for nonlinear differential equations. We analyze the temperature distribution, velocity, and flow field under various conditions. The study found that temperature patterns, velocity distribution, and flow dynamics are all improved by raising the Prandtl numbers. As a result, the thickness of the boundary layer is significantly reduced, leading to an enhanced heat transfer rate at the moving surface. This reduction in boundary‐layer thickness contributes to a more efficient convection process. The study further highlights that the HPM and the VIM both offer highly accurate approximations for solving nonlinear differential equations related to boundary‐layer flow and heat transfer. Among these methods, HPM was found to provide a higher level of precision compared with VIM.

The beam deformation equation has very wide applications in structural engineering. As a differential equation, it has its own problem concerning existence, uniqueness and methods of solutions. Often, original forms of governing differential equations used in engineering problems are simplified, and this process produces noise in the obtained answers. This paper deals with solution of second order of differential equation governing beam deformation using four analytical approximate methods, namely the Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM), Variational Iteration Method (VIM) and Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method (OHAM). The comparisons of the results reveal that these methods are very effective, convenient and quite accurate to systems of non-linear differential equation.

A hybrid analytical method for solving linear and nonlinear fractional partial differential equations is presented. The proposed analytical approach is an elegant combination of the Natural Transform Method (NTM) and a well-known method, Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM). In this analytical method, the fractional derivative is computed in Caputo sense and the nonlinear term is calculated using He’s polynomial. The proposed analytical method reduces the computational size and avoids round-off errors. Exact solution of linear and nonlinear fractional partial differential equations is successfully obtained using the analytical method.

This paper is an elementary introduction to some new asymptotic methods for the search for the solitary solutions of nonlinear differential equations, nonlinear differential‐difference equations, and nonlinear fractional differential equations. Particular attention is paid throughout the paper to giving an intuitive grasp for the variational approach, the Hamiltonian approach, the variational iteration method, the homotopy perturbation method, the parameter‐expansion method, the Yang‐Laplace transform, the Yang‐Fourier transform, and ancient Chinese mathematics. Hamilton principle and variational principles are also emphasized. The reviewed asymptotic methods are easy to be followed for various applications. Some ideas on this paper are first appeared.

We implement relatively analytical techniques, the homotopy perturbation method, and variational iteration method to find the approximate solutions for time and space fractional Benjamin-Bona Mahony equation. The fractional derivatives are described in the Caputo sense. These methods are used in applied mathematics to obtain the analytic approximate solutions for the nonlinear Bejamin-Bona Mahoney (BBM) partial fractional differential equation. We compare between the approximate solutions obtained by these methods. Also, we present the figures to compare between the approximate solutions. Also, we use the fractional complex transformation to convert nonlinear partial fractional differential equations to nonlinear ordinary differential equations. We use the improved <svg style="vertical-align:-2.3205pt;width:47.275002px;" id="M1" height="23.612499" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 47.275002 23.612499" width="47.275002" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,20.662)"><path id="x28" d="M300 -147l-18 -23q-106 71 -159 185.5t-53 254.5v1q0 139 53 252.5t159 186.5l18 -24q-74 -62 -115.5 -173.5t-41.5 -242.5q0 -130 41.5 -242.5t115.5 -174.5z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,5.944,20.662)"><path id="x1D43A" d="M713 296l-5 -25q-47 -7 -59 -20t-23 -72l-15 -79q-9 -48 -3 -74q-15 -3 -55 -13t-63 -15t-59.5 -10t-70.5 -5q-149 0 -243 80t-94 220q0 169 127.5 276.5t336.5 107.5q91 0 206 -36l-10 -165l-29 -1q1 85 -47.5 126t-146.5 41q-153 0 -243.5 -97t-90.5 -242&#xA;q0 -122 68.5 -198.5t188.5 -76.5q121 0 139 75l20 86q13 58 -1.5 70.5t-99.5 20.5l5 26h267z" /></g> <g transform="matrix(.008,-0,0,-.008,18.25,6.8)"><path id="x2032" d="M227 744l-123 -338l-31 15l73 368q12 3 41.5 -8t36.5 -20z" /></g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,22.025,20.662)"><path id="x2F" d="M368 703l-264 -866h-60l265 866h59z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,29.028,20.662)"><use xlink:href="#x1D43A"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,41.336,20.662)"><path id="x29" d="M275 270q0 -296 -211 -440l-19 23q75 62 116.5 174t41.5 243t-42 243t-116 173l19 24q211 -144 211 -440z" /></g> </svg>-expansion function method to find exact solutions of nonlinear fractional BBM equation.

A user friendly algorithm based on new homotopy perturbation Sumudu transform method (HPSTM) is proposed to solve nonlinear fractional gas dynamics equation. The fractional derivative is considered in the Caputo sense. Further, the same problem is solved by Adomian decomposition method (ADM). The results obtained by the two methods are in agreement and hence this technique may be considered an alternative and efficient method for finding approximate solutions of both linear and nonlinear fractional differential equations. The HPSTM is a combined form of Sumudu transform, homotopy perturbation method, and He’s polynomials. The nonlinear terms can be easily handled by the use of He’s polynomials. The numerical solutions obtained by the proposed method show that the approach is easy to implement and computationally very attractive.

The aim of this paper is to solve numerically the Cauchy problems of nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE) in a modified variational iteration approach. The standard variational iteration method (VIM) is first studied before modifying it using the standard Adomian polynomials in decomposing the nonlinear terms of the PDE to attain the new iterative scheme modified variational iteration method (MVIM). The VIM was used to iteratively determine the nonlinear parabolic partial differential equation to obtain some results. Also, the modified VIM was used to solve the nonlinear PDEs with the aid of Maple 18 software. The results show that the new scheme MVIM encourages rapid convergence for the problem under consideration. From the results, it is observed that for the values the MVIM converges faster to exact result than the VIM though both of them attained a maximum error of order 10^-9. The resulting numerical evidences were competing with the standard VIM as to the convergence, accuracy and effectiveness. The results obtained show that the modified VIM is a better approximant of the above nonlinear equation than the traditional VIM. On the basis of the analysis and computation we strongly advocate that the modified with finite Adomian polynomials as decomposer of nonlinear terms in partial differential equations and any other mathematical equation be encouraged as a numerical method.

The variational iteration method is used to deal with linear and nonlinear differential equations. The main characteristics of the method lie in its flexibility and ability to accurately and easily solve nonlinear equations. In this work, a general framework is presented for a variational iteration method for the analytical treatment of partial differential equations in fluid mechanics. The Caputo sense is used to describe fractional derivatives. The time-fractional Kaup-Kupershmidt (KK) equation is investigated, as it is the solution of the system of partial differential equations via the Boussinesq-Burger equation. By comparing the results that are obtained by the variational iteration method with those obtained by the two-dimensional Legendre multiwavelet, the optimal homotopy asymptotic method (OHAM), the q-homotopy analysis transform method, the Laplace Adomian Decomposition Method, and the homotopy perturbation method, the first method proved to be very effective and convenient. The main methodology in this work is anticipated to be applied to various fractional calculus, linear, and nonlinear problems.

A new iterative technique is employed to solve a system of nonlinear fractional partial differential equations. This new approach requires neither Lagrange multiplier like variational iteration method (VIM) nor polynomials like Adomian′s decomposition method (ADM) so that can be more easily and effectively established for solving nonlinear fractional differential equations, and will overcome the limitations of these methods. The obtained numerical results show good agreement with those of analytical solutions. The fractional derivatives are described in Caputo sense.