Abstract
AbstractDue to its basic physical and chemical properties CdTe has become a favored base material for thin film solar cells using robust, high-throughput manu-facturing procedures. The technology shows significant potential for attaining cost levels of <1 $/Wp. Close-Spaced Sublimation (CSS) is the fastest and simplest deposition process for both semiconductors used, CdTe and CdS, permitting in-line production at high linear speed of about 1 m/min.. The individual manufacturing steps for integrated modules are explained in view of their incorporation in the production line. ANTEC Solar GmbH has entered production of CdTe thin film modules on a scale of 100,000 m2 per annum using CSS as the deposition procedure for the semiconductor films and high-rate in-line sputtering for transparent and opaque contacts. Standard module size is 60 × 120 cm2. The production line is operative since 2002, without major problems. This article recounts the efforts to master lab processes for application in production.
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