On Improving Distortion Functions for JPEG Steganography

Abstract

This paper proposes a framework to improve the existing distortion functions designed for JPEG steganography, which results in a better capability of countering steganalysis. Different from the existing steganography approach that minimizes image distortion, we minimize the feature distortion caused by data embedding. Given a JPEG image, we construct a reference image close to the image before JPEG compression. Guided by both the reference image and the feature distortion minimization, the state-of-the-art distortion functions designed for syndrome trellis coding embedding are improved by distinguishing the embedding costs for +1 versus −1 embedding. This paper has three contributions. First, the proposed framework outperforms the traditional, since we use the constructed reference image and the public steganalytic knowledge for data embedding. Second, the proposed framework is universal for improving distortion functions that were designed for JPEG steganography. Finally, experimental results also prove that the proposed approach has a better undetectability when examined by modern steganalytic tools.