Abstract
The organs of the tunicate neural complex and parts of the vertebrate hypophysis were compared on the basis of morphological, physiological, embryological, and endocrinological debatable data. The hypothesis of the homology between the tunicate neural gland and ciliary organ (together with the dorsal tube) and the vertebrate neurohypophysis and adenohypophysis, respectively, is substantiated. In contrast to the hypophysis, the neural complex is a multifunctional structure. The presence of hormonelike substances (typical of the adenohypophysis) in the neural gland testifies to the independent evolution of the neural complex and hypophysis, both of them originating from some “protohypophysis” of hypothetical protovertebrates.
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