Abstract
BackgroundHigh demand and low supply of fishmeal due to overexploitation of fisheries resources have resulted in a dramatic increase in the price of this ingredient. Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) commercial feed contains approximately 60% fishmeal and limited success has been achieved in identifying sustainable alternative protein sources for this species.MethodsAn on-farm feeding trial was conducted to compare a basal diet containing 65% as the control (CONT) with two experimental diets replacing 10% of fishmeal by animal protein (AP10) or 20% of fishmeal by animal and plant protein (APP20). Sub-adult olive flounder averaging 327 ± 9.3 g (mean±SD) were fed one of the three diets in triplicate groups for 16 weeks.ResultsWeight gain, specific growth rate, feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio, and survival were not significantly different among fish fed all the experimental diets (P > 0.05). Also, non-specific immune responses (superoxide dismutase and lysozyme activity), serum biochemical parameters, and intestinal villi length were not significantly different among fish fed all the experimental diets (P > 0.05).ConclusionsTherefore, based on growth performance, non-specific immune responses, serum biochemical parameters, and intestinal histology, dietary animal and plant protein mixtures could replace up to 20% of fishmeal in the diet of sub-adult olive flounder.
Highlights
High demand and low supply of fishmeal due to overexploitation of fisheries resources have resulted in a dramatic increase in the price of this ingredient
Animal rendered by-products such as meat and bone meal, poultry byproduct meal, and tankage meal have been used as the fishmeal alternatives due to good digestibility, nutritional value, and low price (Galkanda-Arachchige et al 2019)
These results indicate no significant differences in whole-body proximate composition among fish fed the different experimental diets (P > 0.05)
Summary
High demand and low supply of fishmeal due to overexploitation of fisheries resources have resulted in a dramatic increase in the price of this ingredient. Soybean meal is one of the most commonly used plant proteins in fish feed due to global availability, low price, good nutritional value, and relatively balanced amino acid profile (Gatlin et al 2007). Animal rendered by-products such as meat and bone meal, poultry byproduct meal, and tankage meal have been used as the fishmeal alternatives due to good digestibility, nutritional value, and low price (Galkanda-Arachchige et al 2019). Poultry byproduct meal is one of the common ingredients widely used in fish and shrimp feed with high nutritional value, good palatability, and digestibility. Despite all the practical aspects of these animal by-products and plant protein ingredients, high levels of fishmeal replacement by these ingredients in the carnivorous fish diet has resulted in lower growth, feed efficiency, and immunity (Rossi Jr and Davis 2014)
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