Abstract
This paper proposes the droop control algorithm for multiple distributed Battery Energy Storage Systems (ESS) with their state of charge (SOC) feedback, shown to be effective in providing grid services while managing the SOC of the ESS. By extending the mathematical links between the ESS SOC and power dynamics for frequency regulation, this paper elaborates on how the proposed scheme integrates multiple ESS into the load frequency control and the ESS effectively augments the functional roles of the incumbent generators. The control performance for a group of ESS in grid operations is evaluated and characterized by using metrics such as the cut-off frequency and settling time, and the initial and final value theorems. Theoretical insights and practical issues are discussed. Various numerical examples and case studies for a simplified Australian network with high penetration of renewables demonstrate the validity and efficacy of the proposed method.
Highlights
The introduction of an energy storage system (ESS) changes the paradigm of a power system, and gradually plays an important role in the frequency regulation (FR) of the system to balance the energy generation and consumption
ESS aggregation using the droop control with state of charge (SOC) feedback are suitable for the existing frequency regulation (FR) by providing assistance to the inertia and governor actions, as can be seen in Fig. 1, which shows that an ESS recovers the SOC during the automatic generation control (AGC) regulation period, and that the energy for SOC recovery is supported by generators with AGC
We demonstrate that the ESS aggregation using the droop control with SOC feedback are suitable for the existing frequency regulation (FR) by providing assistance to the inertia and governor actions, as can be seen in Fig. 1, which shows that an ESS recovers the SOC during the AGC regulation period, and that the energy for SOC recovery is supported by generators with AGC
Summary
The introduction of an energy storage system (ESS) changes the paradigm of a power system, and gradually plays an important role in the frequency regulation (FR) of the system to balance the energy generation and consumption. ESS aggregation using the droop control with SOC feedback are suitable for the existing frequency regulation (FR) by providing assistance to the inertia and governor actions, as can be seen, which shows that an ESS recovers the SOC during the AGC regulation period, and that the energy for SOC recovery is supported by generators with AGC. We demonstrate that the ESS aggregation using the droop control with SOC feedback are suitable for the existing frequency regulation (FR) by providing assistance to the inertia and governor actions, as can be seen, which shows that an ESS recovers the SOC during the AGC regulation period, and that the energy for SOC recovery is supported by generators with AGC. Is the energy of the ESS in joule (ESS capacity based on the number of seconds)
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