Abstract
We use origami to create a compact, scalable three-dimensional (3-D) biobattery stack that delivers on-demand energy to the portable biosensors. Folding allows a two-dimensional (2-D) paper sheet possessing predefined functional components to form nine 3-D microbial fuel cells (MFCs), and connect them serially within a small and single unit (5.6 cm × 5.6 cm). We load the biocatalyst Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 in predefined areas that form the MFCs, and freeze-dry them for long-term storage. The biobattery stack generates a maximum power and current of 20 μW and 25 μA, respectively, via microbial metabolism when the freeze-dried cells are rehydrated with readily available wastewater. This work establishes an innovative strategy to revolutionize the fabrication, storage, operation, and application of paper-based MFCs, which could potentially make energy available even in resource-limited settings.
Highlights
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are one of the most exciting new energy-scavenging technologies, especially for use in remote and resource-limited environments [1,2,3]
Freeze-dried Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 in the conductive and hydrophilic anodic chambers were rehydrated by using wastewater as an organic activation sample, and the nine MFCs connected in series generated a maximum output voltage of
The MFC was based on a two-chambered device configuration consisting of an anode and an air cathode separated by a proton exchange membrane (PEM) (Figure 1a)
Summary
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are one of the most exciting new energy-scavenging technologies, especially for use in remote and resource-limited environments [1,2,3]. The multilayer configuration ensured that the anodic chamber was occupied throughout the entire device, and increased the overall volume and surface area for the bacterial attachments This innovative platform allowed us to combine multiple individual batteries into a single, stronger pocket-sized battery stack, making the batteries easier to transport; it allowed us to explore designs that are not possible with rigid materials. Simple batch-fabrication methods (i.e., printing, brushing, and spraying) were applicable for the mass production of the paper-based MFCs. Freeze-dried Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 in the conductive and hydrophilic anodic chambers were rehydrated by using wastewater as an organic activation sample, and the nine MFCs connected in series generated a maximum output voltage of. Configuration; (g) Front and back view of the folded battery stack
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