Abstract
Here, we demonstrate an on-demand heat transfer enhancement of water-based gallic acid treated CoFe2O4/rGO ferrofluid using constant/alternating magnetic field. Various parameters including weight fraction of nanoparticles, pressure loss, and mass flowrate were quantified and the optimum frequency was obtained. At Re = 571 without magnetic field, the average Nusselt number at 0.6 wt% ferrofluid increased by 12.9% relative to the pure water, while using a constant and oscillating magnetic field, the corresponding augmentation was 19.7% and 31.1%, respectively. The main mechanisms for heat transfer enhancement under the magnetic field were chain-like structure distribution of nanoparticles, boundary layer thickness, thermal conductivity, and Brownian motion of magnetite nanoparticles. The results revealed that the on-demand control of the ferrofluid heat transfer characteristics could be achieved through the utilization of different types of magnetic fields (constant/alternating) and their configurations.
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