Abstract

We propose and experimentally demonstrate on-chip energy-efficient Gray code generation based on a scalable and compact optical encoder. The operation principle of the integrated encoder is based on the nonlinear effects in silicon opto-mechanical microring resonators (MRRs), which could be excited by ultra-low input powers. By adjusting the input powers with hierarchical power levels, the red-shifts of the MRR transmission spectrum could be flexibly manipulated. In this case, the output powers of the MRR drop-port and through-port could be controllable and switchable to generate different codes. Through tuning the optical encoding powers in a specific rule, 4-bit and 2-bit Gray codes have been successfully demonstrated. The required power of the proposed 4-bit encoder is as low as −6 dBm, which is favorable to build energy-efficient optical encoding systems. To the best of our knowledge, we have realized a nano-mechanical optical encoder with the lowest required power. Moreover, the encoder structure has great scalability, thus 2N-bit Gray code could be generated by utilizing 2N-1 add-drop MRRs. With the dominant advantages of ultra-low power consumption (−6 dBm), compact size (0.08 mm2) and great scalability, the proposed optical encoder has many significant applications in optical encoding and communication chips.

Highlights

  • Optical logic gates and logic functional devices are fundamental components and long-standing goals in optical communication systems [1]–[3]

  • We propose and experimentally demonstrate on-chip energy-efficient Gray code generation based on a scalable and compact optical encoder

  • The operation principle of the integrated encoder is based on the nonlinear effects in silicon opto-mechanical microring resonators (MRRs), which could be excited by ultra-low input powers

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Summary

Introduction

Optical logic gates and logic functional devices are fundamental components and long-standing goals in optical communication systems [1]–[3]. The silicon opto-mechanical devices provide an effective solution for low-power optical processing. We experimentally demonstrate optical 4-bit and 2-bit Gray code generation based on the silicon opto-mechanical MRRs. The operation principle of the optical encoder is the nonlinear effects in the free-hanging microrings, whose transmission spectra could be flexibly manipulated by low optical powers. The operation principle of the optical encoder is the nonlinear effects in the free-hanging microrings, whose transmission spectra could be flexibly manipulated by low optical powers In this case, the output powers of the MRR drop-port and through-port could be switchable and controllable to generate different codes. The proposed scheme provides an optical processing approach for Gray code generation with advantages of ultra-low power, compact footprint and great scalability, which is competent for practical applications in on-chip optical communication systems

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