Abstract
Higher-order orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode guiding in a waveguide which is suitable for on-chip integration has been investigated. Based on the relation between the Laguerre-Gaussian mode and the Hermite-Gaussian mode, it has been shown that two degenerate guided modes of π/2l-rotation symmetry can support the l-th order OAM mode. In order to mimic the rotational symmetry, we have proposed the waveguide structure of a cross-shaped core and designed a waveguide that can support OAM modes of ±1 and ±2 topological charges simultaneously at a wavelength of 1550 nm. Purity of the OAM modes guided in the designed waveguide has been assessed by numerically calculating their topological charges from the field distribution, which were close to the theoretical values. We also investigated the guiding of OAM modes of ±3 and ±4 topological charges in our proposed waveguide structure, which revealed the possibility of the separate guiding of those OAM modes with relatively lower purity.
Highlights
Light beams that carry orbital angular momentum (OAM) have attracted great interest in many fields such as optical communication [1], quantum information [2,3], optical tweezers [4], and material processing [5]
In addition to optical communication, the infinitely expandable OAM mode number may be useful in quantum information since it can be used to implement a multi-dimensional qubit, which can simplify quantum logic circuits [11]
We have investigated the design of the integrated waveguide structures to support higher-order OAM modes
Summary
Light beams that carry orbital angular momentum (OAM) have attracted great interest in many fields such as optical communication [1], quantum information [2,3], optical tweezers [4], and material processing [5]. In addition to optical communication, the infinitely expandable OAM mode number may be useful in quantum information since it can be used to implement a multi-dimensional qubit, which can simplify quantum logic circuits [11]. In order to handle the multi-dimensional optical OAM qubit in the PIC, the waveguide which can support higher-order OAM modes will, inevitably, be required. We have investigated the design of the integrated waveguide structures to support higher-order OAM modes. The on-chip higher-order OAM waveguide designed in this work will be used as the building blocks for the integrated generation and routing of the higher-order OAM modes and the realization of the multi-dimensional qubit based on an OAM carrying photon
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