Abstract
This work treats cosmological perturbation in a mixture of standard matter, Chaplygin gas as well as Gauss–Bonnet fluids using a 1+3 covariant approach in the context of modified [Formula: see text] gravity. We define the gradient variables to obtain linear perturbation equations. After scalar and redshift transformations, we consider both an original Chaplygin and generalized Chaplygin gas models under Gauss–Bonnet gravity. For pedagogical purposes, the consideration of polynomial [Formula: see text] gravity model was used to solve the perturbation equations for short- and long-wavelength modes and investigate the late-time evolution. The numerical solutions were obtained. The results show that the energy overdensity perturbations decay with an increase in redshift. The treatment recovers GR results under limiting cases.
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