Abstract
We report on a noninvasive hypoxia monitor based on a biosensor linearly responding to lactate through its whole concentration range in human sweat. The biosensor is designed with an additional perfluorosulfonated ionomer (Nafion analogue) membrane acting as a diffusion barrier for lactate due to its intrinsic negative charge. The resulting biosensor linearly responds to lactate in the range from 1 to 100 mM and displays significantly improved operational stability, maintaining its initial response during 3 h in human sweat flow. Thus, the elaborated monitor has been validated through on-body continuous sweat analysis during exhaustive physical exercise. In contrast to periodic sweat sampling, the elaborated monitor allows recording of the true extremes of sweat lactate, which are of particular importance for diagnostics.
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