On basic equation of statistical physics

Abstract

Considering that thermodynamic irreversibility, the principle of entropy increase and hydrodynamic equations cannot be derived rigorously and in a unified way from the Liouville equations, the anomalous Langevin equation in Liouville space or its equivalent generalized Liouville equation is proposed as a basic equation of statistical physics. This equation reflects the fact that the law of motion of statistical thermodynamics is stochastic, but not deterministic. From that the nonequilibrium entropy, the principle of entropy increase, the theorem of minimum entropy production and the BBGKY diffusion equation hierarchy have been derived. The hydrodynamic equations, such as the generalized Navier-Stokes equation and the mass drift-diffusion equation, etc. have been derived from the BBGKY diffusion equation hierarchy. This equation has the same equilibrium solution as that of the Liouville equation. All these are unified and rigorous without adding any extra assumption. But it is difficult to prove that the entropy production density a can never be negative everywhere for all the isolated inhomogeneous systems far from equilibrium.