On artherogenic index of plasma in sickle cell anaemia patients.

Akinsegun Abduljaleel Akinbami,Mulikat Adesola Badiru,Omolara Risqat Kamson,Ebele Ifeyinwa Uche,Festus Olusola Olowoselu,Benjamin Augustine,Aisha Maude Suleiman,Rafat Abiodun Bamiro,Ann Abiola Ogbena

doi:10.11604/pamj.2019.32.141.17166

Akinsegun Abduljaleel Akinbami, Mulikat Adesola Badiru + Show 7 more

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https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2019.32.141.17166

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Abstract

IntroductionSickle cell anaemia (SCA) is an inherited abnormality of haemoglobin associated with reduced life expectancy. Patients' complications include dyslipideamia. This study was aimed at determining the artherogenic index of plasma (AIP) in sickle cell anaemia patients and compares the value to HbAA controls value. A high AIP is strongly predictive of elevated cardiovascular risk.MethodsA comparative study was conducted among SCA patients attending the haematology clinic, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH) and HbAA Phenotype controls. A total of 304 participants were recruited consisting of equal numbers of SCA and HbAA controls. Single lipid profiles were done; logarithms of triglycerides/high density lipoprotein were calculated to obtain AIP and lipid profile ratios established for all participants.ResultsThere were lower mean values of Total Cholesterol (TC), High Density Lipoprotein(HDL) and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) amongst SCD participants than controls and higher mean values of triglycerides (TG) and Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) in SCD p < 0.05. The AIP in SCD ranges from -0.62 to 1.32 while that of controls ranges from -0.56 to 0.61.The mean AIP were 0.14 ± 0.29 and -0.009 ± 0.26 in SCD and controls respectively. P value = 0.002.ConclusionAIP value is higher in sickle cell anaemia than controls, the former have lower mean values of TC, HDL and LDL and higher mean values of TG and VLDL.

Highlights

Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is an inherited abnormality of haemoglobin associated with reduced life expectancy
This study was aimed at establishing lipid profile reference ranges in SCA patients and HbAA general population and to compare artherogenic index of plasma (AIP) in both groups with a view to determining whether there is a higher AIP in SCA than the non-SCA patients, which could account for their more predisposition to cardiovascular diseases
The artherogenic index of plasma (AIP) in SCD ranges from -0.62 to 1.32 while that of controls ranges from -0.56 to 0.61

Summary

Introduction

Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is an inherited abnormality of haemoglobin associated with reduced life expectancy. Considerable variation in clinical severity occurs in SCA patients despite possessing the same basic identical genetic mutation (GAG→GTG) [2] Recognized causes of these variations include co-inheritance of α-thalassaemia [3], expression of adhesion molecules on white blood cells [4], steady state neutrophil counts and function [5], haemoglobin haplotypes and HbF concentrations [6], levels of transferrin/Creactive protein [7], socio-economic status [8], plasma level of IgG and in particular IgG3 [9], levels of circulating immune complexes [10] and dyslipidaemia [11]. Lipid profiles are useful tests in determining cardiovascular risk and stroke resulting from occlusion of the micro-vasculature and venous thrombo-embolism (VTE) [13] in SCA and general population These complications are common causes of morbidity in SCA [11]. Pulmonary embolism and hypertension are common causes of morbidity and mortality in SCA consequent upon thrombo-embolic disease as a result of dyslipidaemia [14]

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