Abstract
With the increasing popularity of the cloud computing model and rapid proliferation of cloud infrastructures there are increasing concerns about energy consumption and consequent impact of cloud computing as a contributor to global CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> emissions. To date, little is known about how to incorporate energy consumption and CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> concerns into cloud application development and deployment decision models. In this respect, this paper describes an eco-aware approach that relies on the definition, monitoring and utilization of energy and CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> metrics combined with the use of innovative application scheduling and runtime adaptation techniques to optimize energy consumption and CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> footprint of cloud applications as well as the underlying infrastructure. The eco-aware approach involves measuring or quantifying the energy consumption and CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> at different levels of cloud computing, using that information to create scheduling and adaptation techniques that contribute towards reducing the energy consumption and CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> emissions, and finally testing and validating the developed solutions in a multi-site cloud environment with the help of challenging case study applications. The experimental and validation results show the potential of the eco-aware approach to significantly reduce the CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> footprint and consequent environmental impact of cloud applications.
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