Abstract
Abstract Synthetic cannabinoids are one of the most rapidly expanding classes of novel psychoactive substances found in illegal markets. These substances have evolved to the point that many examples no longer fit with the traditional cannabinoid classification system, where assignment of these compounds is difficult and ambiguous, leading to inconsistencies in regard to their chemical structures. This and other drawbacks can result in misunderstandings between forensic scientists and legal disciplines, complicating efforts toward improving the inadequacies of current antidrug laws. After a critical review, we offer an updated yet simplified cannabinoid classification system with the intention to facilitate interdisciplinary communication.
Highlights
Synthetic cannabinoids are one of the most rapidly expanding classes of novel psychoactive substances found in illegal markets
Traditional ‘‘cannabinoids’’ or ‘‘phytocannabinoids’’ include at least 66 biologically active terpene phenolic compounds, derivatives of two-substituted 5-amylresorcine, that are found in Cannabis sativa herb[1,2] or are the products thereof such as herbal cannabis (‘‘marihuana’’), cannabis resin (‘‘hashish’’), and liquid cannabis (‘‘cannabis oil’’).[3]
Their synthetic analogues capable of binding to cannabinoid receptors[4,5] are generally referred to as ‘‘cannabinoids.’’ The understanding of ‘‘cannabinoids’’ and their complex biological activities is tightly connected with the search for new pharmacological medicines, driven by their structure–activity relationship with the cannabinoid receptors
Summary
Synthetic cannabinoids are one of the most rapidly expanding classes of novel psychoactive substances found in illegal markets. 1. Classical cannabinoids: derivatives of dibenzopyran (Fig. 1), namely D9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), its isomers, and its structurally related synthetic analogues, for example, HU-210, prepared in 1988.8
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