Abstract
Biomanufacturing is a key component of biotechnology that uses biological systems to produce bioproducts of commercial relevance, which are of great interest to the energy, material, pharmaceutical, food, and agriculture industries. Biotechnology-based approaches, such as synthetic biology and metabolic engineering are heavily reliant on “omics” driven systems biology to characterize and understand metabolic networks. Knowledge gained from systems biology experiments aid the development of synthetic biology tools and the advancement of metabolic engineering studies toward establishing robust industrial biomanufacturing platforms. In this review, we discuss recent advances in “omics” technologies, compare the pros and cons of the different “omics” technologies, and discuss the necessary requirements for carrying out multi-omics experiments. We highlight the influence of “omics” technologies on the production of biofuels and bioproducts by metabolic engineering. Finally, we discuss the application of “omics” technologies to agricultural and food biotechnology, and review the impact of “omics” on current COVID-19 research.
Highlights
Biotechnology employs biological processes, organisms, or systems to yield products and technologies that are improving human lives (Bhatia, 2018)
- High instrument cost - Difficult protein/peptide quantification - Inaccurate analysis of labile post-translational modification (PTM) - Can be expensive as it requires advanced tools - Low abundance proteins are difficult to analyze - Cross contamination during enzymatic proteolysis - Difficult to cover whole proteome due to large number of proteins - Moderate - Targeted - Untargeted - Identifying pathway bottlenecks - Yes - Good - Phenotype - Qualitative and quantitative - Moderate
Proteomics and metabolomics are routinely applied to the analysis of engineered biosynthetic pathways in microbial hosts
Summary
Biotechnology employs biological processes, organisms, or systems to yield products and technologies that are improving human lives (Bhatia, 2018). Modern biotechnology-based biomanufacturing started in the early twentieth century with the production of short-chain alcohols and ketones, amino acids, organic acids, and vitamin C by microbial mono-culture fermentation (Zhang et al, 2017). Advancements in synthetic biology and metabolic and protein engineering have been applied to renewable energy research in the development of advanced biofuel and hydrogen production by engineered microorganisms (Zhang et al, 2017). The considerable amount of knowledge obtained from omics-driven systems biology experiments can be used in the development of synthetic biology tools and the advancement of metabolic engineering This facilitates the manipulation of complex biological systems toward establishing robust industrial biomanufacturing platforms (Baidoo and Teixeira Benites, 2019). We compared the trends in “omics” utilization during the last two decades to determine their progression in biotechnology research
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