Omics technologies in the diagnosis of oncological diseases

Abstract

High mortality and disability from cancer remains one of the important and unresolved issues of modern medicine. Experts of WHO consider, that cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Approximately 9 million people die of cancer each year, and more than 14 million are diagnosed with cancer. At the same time, according to Russian epidemiology, there is a trend to increase of cases of cancer, including people of young working age, and there is no reliable, verified information about the causes and mechanisms of development of tumor cells. The patient may begin to complain too late, so it is not always possible to suspect this and prevent the diseases. Many research centers and clinics are concerned about this problem and are deeply involved in solving it. To date, a promising direction in the diagnosis of oncological diseases are omics technologies, which are being studied, tested and gradually introduced into modern medicine. According to scientists, the future of healthcare lies with omics technologies, since they allow studying the whole patient’s genotype, which will allow to suggest a person’s predisposition to a particular disease very early, develop methods of correction and prevention, and select the most effective methods of treatment. The purpose of this review is to systematize domestic and foreign data on the current results of the use of omics technologies in the early diagnosis of oncological diseases.