Abstract
“Omics” represent a combinatorial approach to high-throughput analysis of biological entities for various purposes. It broadly encompasses genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, lipidomics, and metabolomics. Bacteria and microalgae exhibit a wide range of genetic, biochemical and concomitantly, physiological variations owing to their exposure to biotic and abiotic dynamics in their ecosystem conditions. Consequently, optimal conditions for adequate growth and production of useful bacterial or microalgal metabolites are critically unpredictable. Traditional methods employ microbe isolation and ‘blind’-culture optimization with numerous chemical analyses making the bioprospecting process laborious, strenuous, and costly. Advances in the next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have offered a platform for the pan-genomic analysis of microbes from community and strain downstream to the gene level. Changing conditions in nature or laboratory accompany epigenetic modulation, variation in gene expression, and subsequent biochemical profiles defining an organism’s inherent metabolic repertoire. Proteome and metabolome analysis could further our understanding of the molecular and biochemical attributes of the microbes under research. This review provides an overview of recent studies that have employed omics as a robust, broad-spectrum approach for screening bacteria and microalgae to exploit their potential as sources of drug leads by focusing on their genomes, secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathway genes, transcriptomes, and metabolomes. We also highlight how recent studies have combined molecular biology with analytical chemistry methods, which further underscore the need for advances in bioinformatics and chemoinformatics as vital instruments in the discovery of novel bacterial and microalgal strains as well as new drug leads.
Highlights
Challenges arising from this practice have habitats and bioreactors with various to mimic the natural environment in a mounted enormous interest understanding dynamics of laboratory and natural bid to produce compounds of in interest (Figure 1). the Challenges arising from this conditions practice have mounted environmental parameters concerning organisms of interest
Metabarcoding is a rapid and cost-effective method, it has considerably limited resolution and could hardly discriminate closely related species or strains. These challenges are based on its polymerase chain reaction (PCR) short length sequencing associated with guanine-cytosine (GC) content bias sequencing errors and the assignment of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) [15]
This study revealed that selective crosstalk within a community of endophytic microbial response to the environment for the sake of establishing stable conditions for target bacteria hiding in the roots of Putterlickia plants leads to the biosynthesis of maytansine
Summary
Throughout history, bioprospecting for bioactive molecules has been focused on the ability of Throughout history, to bioprospecting for bioactive molecules has natural been focused on theoptimal ability an individual organism produce compounds of interest under or localized conditions. The combined effect of theseof and carbohydrate (glycome) profiles, respectively, whereas metabolomics focuses on the pattern methods pathways guaranteesand high-throughput ofeffect novel of bio-entities with insight into metabolic their natural screening products.and Thediscovery combined these methods guarantees their phylogenetic diversities, distribution, and ecological function eachphylogenetic community high-throughput screening andabundance, discovery of novel bio-entities with insight intooftheir member, including those that could and hardly be cultivable earlier [17,18,19]. Bacterial omics approaches present a promising avenue to the mapping of diverse drug-resistance gene clusters, transcriptome pathways as well as alternative emergence of bacterial multidrug resistance through the integration of genomic mapping of diverse molecular targets [21]. Thermophilic bacteria such as Geobacillus spp. and Aeribacillus spp. dwelling in hot springs are difficult to cultivate albeit their intriguing genomes render them useful for bioprospecting [35]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
