Abstract
BackgroundOmega 3 fatty acids have been found to inhibit proliferation, induce apoptosis, and promote differentiation in various cell types. The processes of cell survival, expansion, and differentiation are of key importance in the regulation of hematopoiesis. We investigated the role of omega 3 fatty acids in controlling the frequency of various myeloid progenitor cells in the bone marrow of mice. Increased progenitor cell frequency and blocked differentiation are characteristics of hematopoietic disorders of the myeloid lineage, such as myeloproliferative diseases and myeloid leukemias.ResultsWe found that increasing the proportion of omega 3 fatty acids relative to the proportion of omega 6 fatty acids in the diet caused increased differentiation and reduced the frequency of myeloid progenitor cells in the bone marrow of mice. Furthermore, this had no adverse effect on peripheral white blood cell counts.ConclusionOur results indicate that omega 3 fatty acids impact hematopoietic differentiation by reducing myeloid progenitor cell frequency in the bone marrow and promoting progenitor cell differentiation. Further exploration of this discovery could lead to the use of omega 3 fatty acids as a therapeutic option for patients that have various disorders of hematopoiesis.
Highlights
Omega 3 fatty acids have been found to inhibit proliferation, induce apoptosis, and promote differentiation in various cell types
Mice that were fed the fish oil diet had a significantly lower (p = 0.010) frequency of total myeloid progenitor cells (9.78 ± 0.46 × 10-4) than those mice fed the corn oil diet (2.10 ± 0.55 × 10-3) (Fig. 2A). These results indicate that omega 3 fatty acids were inducing a reduction in total myeloid progenitors in bone marrow
High levels of omega 3 fatty acids alter the character of the myeloid progenitor cell compartment in the bone marrow Progenitors for myeloid cells in bone marrow that can be assessed by colony forming cell (CFC) assays include granulocyte erythrocyte macrophage megakaryocyte (GEMM) progenitors, granulocyte macrophage (GM) progenitors, erythrocyte (E) progenitors, granulocyte (G) pro
Summary
Omega 3 fatty acids have been found to inhibit proliferation, induce apoptosis, and promote differentiation in various cell types. All three major omega 3 fatty acids – α linolenic acid (18:3), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5), and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6) – directly inhibit the production of arachidonic acid from linoleic acid[9]. Both arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid can be cleaved from the cell membrane phospholipid stores by phospholipase A2 and acted on by cyclooxygenases (either the (page number not for citation purposes)
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