Abstract
Abstract Banana production generates significant amounts of agricultural wastes, being fiber extraction one of the most relevant alternatives for their valorization. This process produces banana’s pseudostem pulp (BPP) as a byproduct, which shows an interesting composition for the biorefinery’s biochemical platform, with high polysaccharides (68%) and low lignin contents. This work deals with the enzymatic hydrolysis (EH) of raw and hydrothermally pre-treated BPP, focusing on the production of oligosaccharides (OS). Raw BPP hydrolysis with cellulase at different dosages rendered only 3.2% OS yields (OSY). Pectinase addition has not affected EH performance. On the other hand, EH of hydrothermally pre-treated BPP at 150 °C and 170 °C (P150 and P170) allowed to increase OSY up to 28% (P150, 1 FPU of cellulase/g dry biomass, 12 h), being 72% of the solubilized sugars in the form of cello-oligosaccharides. This last condition was subjected to a multi-stage EH strategy without improvements in OSY. An endo-glucanase was also tested, but obtained OSY were lower than cellulase results. Finally, obtained OS demonstrated to stimulate the growth of two Lactobacilli strains. The results show that BPP pre-treated under mild operational conditions is a good candidate for cello-oligosaccharides production by EH using 1 FPU/g DB of cellulase with a simple strategy. Graphical abstract
Highlights
Banana crops generate a huge amount of residues, as each plant produces fruit only once in its life
Due to the high enzymatic digestibility of the untreated banana’s pseudostem pulp (BPP) (Table 1) [3], direct enzymatic hydrolysis (EH) of the raw material was evaluated for monosaccharide and oligosaccharide production
A cellulase dosage of 10 FPU/g cellulose is often used because it provides a hydrolysis profile with high levels of glucose yield in a reasonable time (48–72 h) at a reasonable enzyme cost [22]
Summary
Banana crops generate a huge amount of residues, as each plant produces fruit only once in its life. For 1 ton of harvested fruit, around 4 tons of lignocellulosic wastes are generated, being the pseudostem 75% of this residue [1]. This biomass is usually left in the plantations, having no nutritional value for the soil and generating waste accumulation problems for the harvesting. The autohydrolysis pre-treatment was successfully applied to BPP, producing a high concentration of oligosaccharides (OS) and a residual solid with improved characteristics for enzymatic hydrolysis (EH)
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